Precision medicine approach to coronary artery disease: Haptoglobin phenotype‑guided risk assessment

Haptoglobin (HP) polymorphisms influence antioxidant function and coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility, showing notable ethnic variations. Comprehensive studies examining both HP phenotypes and serum concentrations in Chinese populations are lacking. The present study investigated associations between HP parameters and CAD risk in a Chinese cohort. The hospital‑based study enrolled 230 patients with CAD, 83 angiography‑defined controls (stenosis ≤40%) and 192 healthy controls. Serum HP concentrations were quantified using an immunoturbidimetric method. HP genotypes were determined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify CAD predictors and genotype‑stratified analyses assessed HP associations with cardiac function, such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and disease severity, as indicated by effected vessel count. Patients with CAD showed higher Hp2‑2 genotype prevalence (54.8 vs. 41.1% in healthy controls; P