Quantitative abundance and distribution data from the first systematic survey of alien invasive plants in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains, China (2022–2023)

Biological invasions pose a major threat to the ecological stability of the Xiaoxing'an Mountains region, a significant temperate forest ecosystem in north-eastern China. Although effective management and risk assessment are urgently needed, substantial data gaps remain regarding the precise spatial distribution and quantitative abundance of invasive plant species in this area. This dataset aims to address this gap by systematically documenting species occurrences and abundance metrics. This dataset documents the results of the first systematic survey of invasive plants conducted in the Xiaoxing'an Mountains region of Heilongjiang Province, China, spanning 2022 to 2023. Constructed strictly according to the Darwin Core (DwC) standard, the sampling event dataset comprises 4408 unique sampling events and 4773 invasive plant occurrence records (covering 37 species). The most frequently recorded species were Erigeron canadensis (1723 records), followed by Trifolium repens (1157 records). Each record is provided with precise geographic coordinates and complete taxonomic identification and the majority of species records include percent coverage information, establishing a solid foundation for regional ecological risk assessment, species distribution modelling and long-term conservation management planning.