How is Trust in Information Disseminated through Virtual Communication Related to Perceptions of Media Freedom

In the context of today’s information society, trust in information disseminated through virtual communication – particularly via the Internet and mobile networks – has become a key factor shaping individuals’ perceptions of reality and their decision-making. Of particular importance is the question of how perceptions of media freedom relate to trust in information received in the course of virtual communication. In the absence of standardized mechanisms for monitoring the quality of information circulating in the digital environment, including online, and given the growing diversity and accessibility of information sources, the issue of trust in information has become increasingly pressing. Examining the relationship between perceptions of media freedom and trust in information disseminated through virtual communication makes it possible to understand how these factors interact within the contemporary media landscape. The aim of this study is to identify the nature of the relationship between perceived media freedom and trust in information shared in the process of virtual communication, considering the frequency of Internet use as one of the key channels through which virtual interaction occurs. The study is based on data from the 10th round of the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in Russia in 2021, involving 2.070 respondents. Data were analysed using hierarchical regression and moderation analysis with the PROCESS module in SPSS. Gender, age, education level, and type of settlement were included as control variables. The results confirm that perceptions of media freedom and frequency of Internet use play an important role in shaping trust in information disseminated through virtual communication. The findings indicate a complex relationship that varies depending on the level of Internet use. These results may be useful for further research on media consumption and trust in information, as well as for developing strategies to enhance media literacy among the population.