A Comprehensive Assessment of Biosecurity and Health Management in the Layer Poultry Sector of Batangas, Philippines

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the health management strategies and biosecurity practices implemented in commercial layer farms in Batangas, Philippines and to identify gaps that may compromise flock health and disease prevention. Materials and Methods: A purposive sampling approach was employed to survey 100 commercial layer farms registered with the Department of Agriculture Region IV-A, each housing 500 to >5,000 layers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and on-site observations, covering vaccination programs, behavioral management practices, egg-handling procedures and biosecurity measures. Results: Vaccination was universally practiced across farms, although significant variation was observed in the modes of administration and frequency of veterinarian visits. Debeaking was routinely implemented as a preventive measure against feather pecking and cannibalism and farms commonly used isolation and environmental enrichment to manage aggressive behaviors. Eggwashing practices differed widely; while most farms avoided washing due to concerns about spoilage, a smaller proportion performed pre-washing, drying and sanitizing steps consistent with national guidelines. Biosecurity measures were generally well adopted, with footbaths serving as the primary disinfection method. Nonetheless, inconsistencies were noted in disinfectant maintenance, use of personal protective equipment, waste handling and other critical procedures. Good housekeeping, restricted visitor access and disease monitoring were commonly practiced to reduce disease transmission risks. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate considerable adherence to recommended health and biosecurity standards among commercial layer farms in Batangas. However, gaps in the consistency and quality of implementation persist. Strengthening farm-level biosecurity protocols, waste management, monitoring systems and capacitybuilding initiatives is essential to support sustainable egg production and enhance disease prevention within the province.