How linguistic style and tone shape interaction and communication in online university forums

Encouraging meaningful engagement in virtual learning contexts presents notable challenges, as the absence of physical interaction often limits spontaneity and immediacy. This study examines the tone and linguistic features employed in asynchronous exchanges within the discussion forums of a course offered by an online university. To achieve this, it is essential to consider not only the quantity but, above all, the quality of the contributions made by both teachers and students, paying particular attention to tone and linguistic features. The sample refers to a subject taught during the 23/24 academic year, Didactics of the Specialty (English) in the Master's Degree in Teaching in Secondary Education, Baccalaureate, Vocational Training and Adult Education. The total number of students is 114. The methodology responds to a triangulated qualitative analysis: on the one hand, the contributions to the forums of the students and the teacher are analysed; on the other hand, the open responses to a voluntary and anonymous questionnaire that is given to the students at the end of the subject are analysed too; and, finally, a sentiment analysis is carried out, focusing on the tone of all the contributions. The findings indicate that adopting a friendly and conversational tone, combined with consistent, timely, and active participation on the part of the teacher, contributes to transforming the forum into a dynamic environment for interaction and learning. This communicative style encourages students to mirror the teacher’s approach, promoting a sense of proximity and confidence that becomes evident in their own tone and discourse.