The Neurophysiology of Stress in Students: Effects and Interventions for Resilience

BACKGROUND: Chronic stress may impair nursing students' cognitive and emotional capacities, affecting performance and well-being in undergraduate programs. This review explores neurophysiological stress effects and evidence-based interventions to promote resilience and emotional regulation. METHOD: A literature review synthesized peer-reviewed studies from PubMed and CINAHL on stress-related neurotransmitter changes and interventions leveraging neuroplasticity. Included studies from 2015 to 2025 evaluated mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), physical activity, peer support, and simulation-based training implemented in nursing curricula via workshops or wellness programs. RESULTS: Chronic stress disrupts dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, and cortisol pathways, potentially impairing clinical reasoning and empathy. Interventions like mindfulness, CBT, and simulation training may reduce stress, enhance emotional regulation, and improve academic and clinical performance, potentially lowering burnout risk. CONCLUSION: Integrating these interventions into nursing curricula may foster resilient, competent nurses. Future research should evaluate long-term outcomes and tailored strategies for diverse student populations.