Collaborative design model and algorithm of supply chain "logistics-distribution" bilevel network using bilevel optimization

To address the increasingly complex collaborative optimization requirements of logistics-distribution (LD) systems in the context of the marketplace, a bilevel network collaborative design model and algorithm for LD based on bilevel programming (BILEVEL) are proposed. The study constructs a bilevel network collaborative design model centered on BILEVEL optimization theory, which fully characterizes the leader-follower game relationship in LD systems through the bidirectional interaction between upper-level (UL) logistics center location decisions and lower-level (LL) customer path choice behaviors. In the UL model, location and resource allocation of distribution centers are taken as decision variables, aiming to minimize the overall expenditure. In the LL model, client path choice and timeliness satisfaction are optimized, establishing a bi-objective function that considers psychological expectations. In response to the complex characteristics of the model, a BILEVEL optimization solution strategy based on genetic algorithms is designed and implemented using MATLAB tools for efficient solving. Case verification shows that the BILEVEL optimization model can effectively balance total system cost and customer satisfaction, remarkably improving the logistics network's overall collaborative efficiency. These findings provide modern logistics enterprises with innovative theoretical methods and practical tools for strategic decision-making and are highly valuable for advancing the intelligence of supply chain systems.