Determinants of Smoking Relapse Among Indonesian Children: A National Cross-sectional Analysis Using Global Youth Tobacco Surveillance Data

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the determinants associated with 4 smoking trajectories (never smoking, current smoking, consistently quitting smoking, and smoking relapse) among Indonesian children using pooled national data. METHODS: This study analyzed children's smoking trajectories using pooled data from the Indonesian Global Youth Tobacco Survey (2006, 2009, 2014, and 2019). Multinomial logistic regression was applied to examine 4 categories of smoking behavior, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to address potential selection bias related to advertising exposure. RESULTS: Higher prices (>IDR31 000/USD1.87) (relative risk ratio [RRR], 0.527) were protective against relapse. This policy effect was systematically undermined by single-stick purchasing, which increased relapse risk by 57.41 times (p