Risk and Protective Factors for Child Sexual Abuse in Indonesia: Cross-sectional Findings From the 2024 National Survey on Child and Adolescent Life Experiences (SNPHAR 2024)

Objectives: Child sexual abuse is the most frequently reported form of violence against children in Indonesia, with reported cases increasing over the past 5 years. This study aimed to identify risk and protective factors associated with sexual abuse among adolescents aged 13-17 years in Indonesia. Methods: The analysis used data from the 2024 National Survey of Children's and Adolescents' Life Experiences (SNPHAR), including 6811 respondents. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square tests to identify variables associated with sexual abuse. Variables with p-values less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were included in multivariable logistic regression. Odds ratios, adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to identify risk and protective factors associated with the experience of sexual abuse. Results: Overall, 8.7% of respondents reported experiencing sexual abuse. Protective factors included never having worked (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.99; p