神经调控技术在重症卒中患者呼吸功能重建中的前沿探索Frontier Research on Neuromodulation Technologies in Respiratory Function Reconstruction for Patients with Severe Stroke

呼吸功能障碍是重症卒中患者呼吸功能预后不良的重要因素。传统的单一康复手段难以精准应对卒中后呼吸中枢驱动失调、外周呼吸泵衰竭及“脑-肺交互”障碍等多重病理机制。本文综述了神经调控技术在重症卒中患者呼吸功能重建中的研究进展，围绕“脑-肺交互”理论框架，分别阐述中枢神经调控与外周神经调控技术的作用机制及相关临床证据，并强调其在恢复呼吸中枢驱动、调整呼吸节律同步性方面的潜在应用价值。尽管该领域目前仍存在作用机制阐释不充分、干预方案参数缺乏统一标准等问题，但通过融合多模态评估与个体化调控方案，未来有望推动神经-呼吸康复向精准化、闭环化方向发展。Respiratory dysfunction is an important factor for poor respiratory prognosis in patients with severe stroke. Conventional single rehabilitation methods cannot accurately address multiple pathological mechanisms after stroke, including dysregulated respiratory central drive, peripheral respiratory pump failure, and “brain-lung interaction” disorder. This article systematically reviews the research progress of neuromodulation technologies in respiratory function reconstruction for severe stroke patients. Based on the theoretical framework of “brain-lung interaction”, it elaborates on the mechanisms of action and relevant clinical evidence of central and peripheral neuromodulation technologies, while emphasizing their potential application value in restoring respiratory central drive and regulating respiratory rhythm synchrony. Although several challenges remain in this field, such as inadequate elaboration of mechanisms of action and lack of standardized intervention parameters, the integration of multimodal assessment and individualized regulation protocols is expected to promote the development of neuro-respiratory rehabilitation toward precision and closed-loop management in the future.