Remineralization efficacy of nano-hydroxyapatite and potassium nitrate formulations on demineralized enamel and dentin: An in vitro surface hardness and EDX-SEM study
Abstract
The present in vitro study aims to evaluate both the remineralizing and desensitizing potential of experimental dentifrices combining 2.5% and 5% nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) with 5% potassium nitrate. Twenty-four caries-free human teeth were prepared, and surface microhardness was measured before and after 96 h of demineralization. The gels were applied twice daily for 7 days, followed by post-treatment hardness assessment. Elemental composition (Ca, P, K, Ca/P ratio) was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface morphology was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Demineralization significantly reduced hardness and mineral ratios (p
Fields of Study & Subjects
Dental Erosion and Treatment
Dental Health and Care Utilization
Dental materials and restorations
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Dental Materials Journal
- Publisher
- Japanese Society for Dental Materials and Devices
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 169–176
- Publication date
- 4 March 2026
- Language
- EN