Upcycling Fermented Adlay Bran Ethanol Extract Residues Promotes Human Dermal Fibroblast Proliferation and Wound Healing

Wound healing, critical for skin recovery after surgery, trauma, and chronic damage, proceeds through inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases. In this study, we focused on the proliferative phase using fermentation extracts from the residuals of Adlay bran ethanol extraction and their solvent fractions. Among them, the butanol fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and significantly enhanced the proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts, as confirmed by a real-time wound closure assay. Cell cycle analysis revealed an increased proportion of cells in the S-phase and upregulation of Cyclin A1 and Cyclin B2 mRNA, indicating accelerated progression toward the G2/M phase. We then purified the butanol fraction using C18 MPLC and HPLC and identified uridine and deoxythymidine as the main components by LC-MS/MS and NMR analysis. These nucleosides derived from fermented adlay bran residues directly promote fibroblast proliferation, highlighting their potential as sustainable bioactive compounds for skin regeneration and functional ingredient development.