Cybersecurity and Data Privacy in Wind Power Systems

Rapid global expansion of wind energy both onshore and offshore has transformed wind farms into highly digitalized, data-driven infrastructures. While digitalization enhances efficiency, predictive maintenance, and market integration, it also amplifies exposure to cyber threats. This chapter provides a structured overview of cybersecurity landscape specific to wind power systems, highlighting vulnerabilities at the levels of turbine control, supervisory and communication networks, cloud-based analytics, and supply-chain dependencies. It situates these risks within the evolving regulatory and standards framework like IEC 62443, EU NIS2 Directive, and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and explores how compliance requirements intersect with operational realities. It also reviews recent advances in anomaly detection, fault prediction, and privacy-preserving analytics. Finally, it proposes a practical defense-in-depth roadmap integrating technical safeguards, organizational measures, and policy considerations to strengthen the resilience and trustworthiness of wind power systems.