Beyond E-Government

This chapter aims to critically analyze existing academic and policy-related studies on digital transformation in the public sector. The objective is to synthesize key insights across international contexts and to highlight the particularities and challenges of digital transformation efforts within the Greek public administration. The review is structured around the framework by Westerman, Bonnet, and McAfee (2014), focusing on the dimensions of digital challenge, investment orientation, organizational mobilization, and sustainability. The literature reveals a growing global consensus on the strategic importance of digital transformation in public governance. However, significant disparities exist in implementation capacity and policy coherence. In the Greek context, recent digital advancements—especially during and after the COVID-19 pandemic—have accelerated transformation but continue to be hindered by institutional inertia, fragmented digital strategies, and limited digital literacy among public employees.