Individual Differences in Intentional and Unintentional Exposure to Sexual Content Among Vietnamese Students

This study investigates how university students (aged 18–22) at a private university in Ho Chi Minh City are exposed to sexual content online—both intentionally and unintentionally—amid Vietnam's technological transition. Using Gender Schema Theory and Social Bonds Theory, and adapting a Hong Kong study, it explores how gender and religious beliefs influence these experiences. A quantitative online survey guides the research, with eight hypotheses examining patterns of exposure. The findings aim to inform educators, parents, and policymakers in developing effective digital literacy and sex education programs to ensure a safer online environment for Vietnamese youth.