Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites in Neuroprotection Against Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are increasing, highlighting the need for innovative treatments. Plant-derived phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, offer neuroprotective properties by reducing oxidative stress, modulating neuroinflammation, preventing neuronal apoptosis, and enhancing neurotrophic signaling and mitochondrial function. However, their clinical application faces challenges like low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. This chapter explores these issues and potential solutions, including advanced drug delivery systems and structural modifications. It also highlights the need for interdisciplinary research to fully harness phytochemicals' therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative disease treatment.