The Neuroprotective Role of Resveratrol

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders and major global health concerns due to their complex pathogenesis and lack of effective treatments. AD is marked by amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles, while PD involves dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and Lewy body formation. Despite distinct hallmarks, both share mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and impaired protein clearance. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol from grapes, berries, and peanuts, shows strong neuroprotective properties through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mitochondrial-stabilizing effects. It also regulates pathways like SIRT1, AMPK, and autophagy, essential for neuronal survival. Preclinical findings revealed that RSV enhances cognitive and motor functions, reduces amyloid burden, protects dopaminergic neurons, and improves synaptic plasticity. This chapter outlines shared AD–PD mechanisms and highlights RSV's therapeutic potential as an adjunct strategy against neurodegeneration.