Effects of Saffron's (Crocus sativus) Bioactive Compounds on Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by neuropsychiatric symptoms, including mild depression, which significantly affect patients' quality of life. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has emerged as a natural therapeutic option due to its bioactive compounds crocin, crocetin, and safranal which exhibit antidepressant effects by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, modulating neurotransmitter reuptake, and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling. Extracts containing these compounds have shown efficacy comparable to conventional antidepressants in alleviating depression-related symptoms in PD. This chapter discusses saffron's neuroprotective properties, its impact on neurotransmitter systems, and interactions with monoamine oxidase enzymes, highlighting its potential for depression management. The aim of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of saffron's phytochemical composition, mechanisms of action, and its therapeutic potential in mitigating depression and related neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD.