Sustainable Agriculture in the Circular Bioeconomy for Enhancing Resource Efficiency and Biodiversity

This chapter explores how circular bioeconomy principles can enhance resource efficiency and biodiversity in agriculture. As population growth, climate change, and resource scarcity challenge conventional “take–make–dispose” models, circular practices provide sustainable alternatives. The findings reveal significant benefits: biochar with a phosphorus adsorption capacity of 218.82 mg/g and carbon sequestration of 1.7 tonnes CO2 per tonne; hydroponic systems reducing water use by up to 90%; LED lighting lowering energy consumption by 60%; and organic farms supporting 40% more pollinator species than conventional ones. Key challenges include inconsistent biodiversity assessment methodologies, limited geographic coverage of case studies, and insufficient understanding of adoption drivers. Future research should prioritize the development of unified assessment frameworks, long-term ecological monitoring, and policy instruments that promote widespread implementation of biodiversity-enhancing circular agriculture.