Characterization Strategies for Graphene Containing Hydrogel Systems

Graphene-based hydrogels comprising graphene, graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide form three-dimensional polymeric networks with high strength, tunable permeability and large surface area. These properties make them suitable for applications in biomedical, soft electronics and water purification. Characterization of GBHs is vital to understand their structure property relationships. FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy reveals the chemical composition, XRD assesses the crystallinity, and SEM/TEM provides morphological insights. On other hand, TGA and DSC evaluate thermal properties, while BET analysis determines surface area, structural connectivity and pore size distribution. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview on GBHs, highlighting their multifunctionality across biomedical, environmental and industrial domains. It emphasizes the structure-property-performance relationship and integrates advanced characterization techniques to align with real-world applications.