The Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Properties of Hydrogel-Based Composites

Hydrogel-based composites possess unique electrochemical properties that have substantially triggered the development of efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable energy storage systems. As electrochemical storage technologies like batteries and supercapacitors become central to portable power solutions, there is a growing focus on optimizing performance parameters such as specific energy and power density. Ongoing efforts aim to design advanced materials that outperform existing systems while addressing environmental concerns associated with electronic waste. Key features of hydrogel-based composites—ranging from long-term stability, high proton conductivity, to enhanced energy storage via redox and electrostatic mechanisms—stem from the use of sustainable biomaterials like chitosan and activated carbon. Their flexibility, stretchability, and biocompatibility also make them ideal for wearable electronics and biomedical applications. This chapter explores various hydrogel-based composites, their electrochemical behavior, and the mechanisms driving their performances.