Smog and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

This review synthesizes research on smog-based issues and their applications in the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being and SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities. The health impacts, economic losses, and policy effectiveness are presented, including SDG linkages, technological innovations, and regulations. Evidence involves high smog illness, death, and economic losses with sporadic policy enforcement that constrains progress. Technological measures such as clean vehicles and digital tracking have potential but with constraints in application. Holistic approaches in the health, sustainable urban, and climate-related sectors emphasize co-benefits but with application. Urban planning with community-based action promotes cleaner air but with the necessity of equity-based integration. Review identifies harmonized coordinated multi sector policy strategies that intersect strong policy, technology, and inclusive governance in building cleaner air and sustainable development.