Global Trends in Smog and Air Pollution Controls

This chapter examines the causes, historical development, health effects, environmental repercussions, and mitigation techniques associated with air pollution and smog. Based on international research, it emphasizes how transportation, urbanization, and industry have made air quality issues worse, particularly in Asia's megacities. Particular focus is placed on how pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter affect respiratory and cardiovascular health. The chapter also looks at legislative frameworks for lowering pollution exposure, biological remediation methods, and modern modeling and forecasting tools. It highlights the pressing need for coordinated, scientifically based solutions using case studies from China, India, Pakistan, and Poland. The study focus areas and major contributions in this field are further revealed by bibliometric analysis, which highlights the connections between environmental systems, human health, and regulatory action in the fight against global air pollution.