Indonesia

This chapter examines the evolution of Indonesia–China relations into a comprehensive strategic partnership encompassing trade, investment, infrastructure, development cooperation, and people-to-people exchange. It highlights Indonesia's economic and demographic profile, the historical trajectory of bilateral ties, and the rapid expansion of cooperation under frameworks such as the Belt and Road Initiative, ACFTA, and RCEP. The chapter analyzes achievements in high-speed rail, industrial parks, agriculture, energy transition, digital economy, education, tourism, and media cooperation, while also noting policy challenges such as maritime issues, project implementation risks, and industrial adjustment pressures. It concludes that with stronger coordination, environmental and social safeguards, and support for local participation, Indonesia and China can further deepen mutually beneficial and sustainable cooperation.