Cyber Warfare and the Role of Artificial Intelligence

This chapter explores the evolving landscape of cyber warfare in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), examining how AI technologies are both weaponizing and defending digital domains. As AI enables advanced cyber-attacks through automated intrusion, data manipulation, and adaptive malware, it simultaneously empowers robust defense mechanisms including threat detection, real-time response, and predictive analytics. The chapter delves into emerging threats posed by AI-driven cyber operations, the strategic applications of AI in national and global cybersecurity frameworks, and the escalating arms race in cyber capabilities. It also critically analyzes the ethical dilemmas of autonomous cyber weapons, accountability in AI decision-making, and the need for international norms and governance. Through case studies and expert insights, this chapter highlights the dual-use nature of AI in cyberspace, emphasizing the urgent need for balanced strategies that safeguard security while upholding human rights and ethical integrity.