Future Directions

This chapter discusses the emerging nexus of artificial intelligence (AI), military ethics, and security in the future in a prospective model. As AI technologies are taking more independent roles in surveillance, targeting, cyber indicators, and decision-making, it is assailing core concepts of international humanitarian law and the just war theory. In the chapter, new capabilities including autonomous weapons, predictive targeting, and AI-enabled cyberwarfare are critically analyzed, presenting challenges to ideas of accountability, proportionality, and human control in a meaningful and ethical way. It also questions structural imbalances in world AI governance, which exclude Global South views and the concentration of technology in the hands of a few countries and corporations. These ethical and geopolitical dilemmas are answered by the chapter suggesting a normative framework of anticipatory governance that is built on the pivot of responsibility, transparency, inclusivity, precaution, and human dignity.