Graphene Oxide for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy Applications

Graphene oxide (GO), a derivative of graphene, has emerged as a transformative nanomaterial in biomedical applications, particularly in bioimaging and cancer therapy. This chapter aims to explore the unique physicochemical properties of GO - such as its large surface area, tunable functionalization, and photothermal capabilities that enable its use in advanced imaging modalities (e.g., fluorescence, MRI, and photoacoustic imaging) and targeted cancer treatments (e.g., drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy). The mission is to provide a comprehensive overview of current research, highlight clinical translation potential, and address critical concerns, including biocompatibility and toxicity. By synthesizing findings from high-impact studies, this chapter will underscore GO's role in precision oncology while identifying gaps in knowledge and future directions. It targets researchers, clinicians, and material scientists interested in nanotechnology-driven solutions for cancer management, emphasizing both opportunities and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.