Spatial Justice in Education

The purpose of this study is to investigate gender inequalities in education, across the Punjab region of Pakistan, using GIS as a tool for spatial analysis. The findings revealed significant gender disparities at the matriculation, graduation, and post-graduation levels, with notable regional variations. The study identified that gender disparity is high at the matriculation level where only the Sialkot district shows higher female educational attainment. At higher education levels, some districts exhibit gender parity, reflecting the positive impact of some targeted interventions in these districts. However, many districts still face substantial gender gaps, emphasizing the need for continued efforts to achieve gender equality. The northern region shows progress in reducing disparities, while the southern region struggles, especially at the graduation and post-graduation levels. The exceptional cases of Bahawalnagar and Vehari regarding low disparity rates at the post-graduation level in south Punjab suggest that tailored local strategies may have impacted these areas.