Environment and E-Commerce

In this paper, the author attempted to examine the asymmetric effects of GHG emissions from the waste, transportation and energy on e-commerce during 1998-2024 by applying NARDL model. The paper also analyses trends, Loess fit and ARIMA forecast of retail sales of e-commerce. It found that emissions from GHG have negative impacts on retail sales of e-commerce. Both the positive and negative changes of cumulative dynamic multiplier of waste emissions have positive and negative impacts on retail sales of e-commerce where asymmetry reached to stationary state. Similarly, positive and negatives changes of cumulative dynamic multiplier of emission from transportation have short run and long run asymmetry and diverged away from long run limit. There is no long run asymmetry from energy emissions while in the short run, negative changes of cumulative dynamic multiplier of emissions from energy at level and at lag 3 are negatively related with percentage retail sales of e-commerce significantly. The asymmetry converged to the stationary level.