Gut-Brain Axis and Microbiome Modulation by Dietary Bioactives

The gut microbiota is a key component of the complex, bidirectional communication system that connects the central nervous system with the gastrointestinal tract. This chapter examines the way in which dietary bioactive, including short-chain fatty acids, polyphenols, probiotics, and prebiotics, alter the gut microbiota and have an impact on the gut-brain axis's neurological, hormonal, immunological, and metabolic pathways. Vagal and endocrine signaling immunological modulation, and gut barrier integrity maintenance are important mechanisms. The chapter also covers the impact of dysbiosis on mental and neurological illnesses, the role of microbial metabolites in brain function, and the therapeutic potential of certain dietary strategies. The standardization, bioavailability, and personalization of these analyses continue to present difficulties despite encouraging preclinical and clinical results. Future research should concentrate on customized diet based on microbiota profiles and comprehensive clinical trials to verify efficacy and safety.