Sustainable Halal Tourism Business Models in Indonesia

This study explores sustainable halal tourism business models in Indonesia by integrating Islamic ethical principles with global sustainability frameworks and community-based development. Based on a synthesis of 30 peer-reviewed studies and Indonesian case evidence, the analysis combines the Triple Bottom Line, Maqasid al-Shariah, and Community-Based Tourism as a unified framework. Findings indicate that destinations applying this integrated approach achieve measurable improvements in community income, environmental stewardship, social inclusion, and cultural preservation, particularly when supported by digital tourism and stakeholder collaboration. However, challenges persist, including infrastructure gaps, limited human resource capacity, regulatory fragmentation, and certification complexity. The study concludes that sustainable halal tourism is not merely a niche strategy but a holistic development pathway aligning Islamic values with long-term economic viability and sustainable development goals.