Digital Learning Environments and Tools: Bridging the AI DIvide - A Developing Country Perspective

Educational institutes, with a special focus on higher education, have been increasingly flooded with a wide array of artificial intelligent (AI) tool such as such as ChatGPT, Claude, Gork and Jenny AI to assist students in academic output and performance. Through an intentional qualitative literature review, this chapter examines the impact of AI tools on students' academic performance, self-efficacy, creativity, and originality across different socio-economic groups in developed and developing countries. This chapter utilised Bandura's Self-Efficacy Theory, Constructivist Learning Theory and Van Dijk's Digital Divide Theory. The findings underscored three interrelated themes forming a reinforcing cyclical model. This chapter concludes with recommendations to bridge the AI divide in developing countries, higher education institutes should prioritise infrastructural investments, AI literacy, and policies to ensure the integrity of creativity and originality of students' academic outputs.