CRISPR-Cas9 Technology for Precision Cancer Medicine

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has emerged as a transformative tool in revolutionizing target discovery, disease modeling, and therapeutic interventions. Conventional CAR-T therapy achieves overall response rates of 70-85%, compared with 20-40% with standard chemotherapy. The technology shows particular promise in solid tumors including breast, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. China, Asian nations have made substantial CRISPR contributions with mechanisms ranging from oncogene disruption to CAR-T cell enhancement. Critical ethical frameworks addressing informed consent, germline editing, off-target effects, and global access equity have been established. The 2021 WHO framework provides a normative foundation but lacks enforcement mechanisms. The interdisciplinary convergence of CRISPR with artificial intelligence, multi-omics profiling, and systems biology promises next-generation precision oncology.