AI Policy in the Gulf and Middle East

This chapter explores how Gulf and Middle Eastern educational leaders integrate artificial intelligence while balancing technological progress and cultural preservation. Drawing on case studies from the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, and Egypt, it compares centralized and decentralized leadership approaches in implementing AI within conservative societies. The analysis reveals that effective adoption requires not only infrastructure but also cultural adaptation, stakeholder engagement, and ethical alignment. The UAE's model of culturally responsive innovation exemplifies successful integration, while Jordan and Egypt highlight the need for pragmatic, resource-sensitive strategies. The chapter offers policy recommendations for aligning AI initiatives with national visions and Sustainable Development Goals to ensure inclusive, ethical, and culturally grounded educational transformation.