Comparing Teacher and ChatGPT Feedback in EFL/ESL Writing

This systematic review investigates the use of ChatGPT-generated feedback in EFL/ESL writing. It follows the PRISMA guidelines and includes multiple databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The researchers reviewed 39 relevant studies that were published between 2022 and 2025. They addressed three main research area: first, the benefits and challenges of ChatGPT feedback in EFL/ESL writing; second, AI-generated feedback and teacher feedback are compared in terms of learners' engagement and motivation; and third, pedagogical implications and gaps in the current research are identified. Findings indicate that ChatGPT feedback enhances mechanical writing skills and promote learners' engagement. However, challenges like overreliance on AI are reported. Comparative analyses suggest that both ChatGPT and teacher feedback improve writing performance, although teacher feedback remains crucial for personalized guidance. This chapter also includes research gaps and implications for EFL/ESL pedagogy and future research directions.