Reviewing the Concept of Virtual State and Digital State

This article reviews the concept of a virtual state and the digital state popularized by developed countries for improved public services and communication. The study uses meta-analysis and VOSviewer to analyze data from the Scopus database. This review used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)—through PRISMA, this research attempts to conduct a systematic review of the concept of virtual state and digital state. The finding shows that the idea of a virtual state and a digital state, pushed by countries with advanced technology, changes how countries interact with each other, affecting cooperation, human rights, trade, and conflict, while the digital state focuses on how governments connect with society through services, the internet, and advancements in information technology. The investigation emphasizes the value of technology in improving public services and communication.