Marine Robotics

Marine robotics has become central to contemporary ocean exploration and conservation, providing unprecedented access, precision, and continuity in the observation of marine environments. This chapter examines the capabilities and emerging roles of autonomous underwater vehicles, remotely operated systems, and hybrid robotic platforms in mapping seafloor structures, monitoring ecological dynamics, and supporting restoration initiatives in sensitive habitats. It evaluates recent advances in perception, navigation, and machine-driven decision-making that enable robots to operate safely and adaptively in complex, uncertain, and data-scarce marine settings. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the integration of robotics with oceanographic sensors, artificial intelligence, and real-time communication infrastructures to enhance environmental intelligence. Ethical considerations, operational challenges, and future research pathways are also addressed to guide the responsible deployment of robotic technologies for long-term marine sustainability.