Geospatial Information Systems-Enabled Logistics for Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly serving as a fundamental facilitator of sustainable logistics by prioritizing spatial considerations in supply chain decision making. The integration of GIS with optimization techniques, remote sensing, telematics and artificial intelligence enables organizations and municipalities to enhance routing and facility placement, spatially analyze environmental and social effects, and bolster resilience against climate and infrastructure disturbances. Empirical studies indicate that GIS-based routing and dispatch systems can significantly decrease vehicle kilometers traveled, turnaround times, and carbon emissions in last-mile operations, especially when integrated with multi-objective optimization that incorporates emissions and exposure metrics. Simultaneously, GIS facilitates environmental management and energy infrastructure planning by superimposing ecological, demographic, and infrastructural layers to mitigate exposure and land-use effects. Advancements in AI and telemetry data enhance the temporal granularity of decision making.