Blockchain and Big Data Integration for Transparent and Traceable Supply Chains

This chapter explores the integration of blockchain and big data technologies to enhance transparency and traceability in modern supply chains. Drawing on sociotechnical systems theory, this chapter examines how decentralised ledgers and real-time analytics can collaboratively address challenges such as fraud, inefficiency, and lack of visibility across supply chain networks. Using the PRISMA methodology, a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from 2015 to 2025 was conducted to identify trends, gaps, and empirical evidence supporting the integration of these technologies. Key findings reveal that blockchain ensures data immutability and provenance, whereas big data enables predictive analytics and operational optimisation. The synergy between the two technologies fosters trust among stakeholders and supports regulatory compliance. The chapter concludes with recommendations for policymakers, technologists, and supply chain managers, emphasising the need for interoperable platforms, data governance frameworks, and capacity-building initiatives.