Closing the Loop With Code

The accelerating adoption of digital technologies is transforming sustainable production and consumption within circular economy frameworks. This chapter examines how Artificial Intelligence, the Internet of Things, and digital platforms enable a shift from linear, resource-intensive models to closed-loop, data-driven systems. By conceptualizing code as a strategic enabler, the chapter explains how digital feedback loops integrate production, consumption, and waste flows to improve resource efficiency, material traceability, and lifecycle optimization. Using conceptual analysis and recent case studies, the discussion demonstrates measurable improvements in waste reduction, asset longevity, and responsible consumption. The chapter also addresses organizational, governance, and ethical considerations, emphasizing that effective digital circular outcomes depend on interoperability, leadership, and responsible data practices aligned with sustainability goals.