Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease in Under-Resourced Settings

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized not only by motor deficits but also by cognitive impairment and network-level dysfunction. This chapter explores the therapeutic potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. We posit that TMS can directly target maladaptive cortico-subcortical dynamics—such as pathological beta oscillations—and induce beneficial neuroplasticity, thereby addressing both motor and cognitive symptoms. The rationale for network-level intervention is supported by empirical data linking functional connectivity patterns, measured via EEG and source localization, to working memory performance. By reviewing physiological mechanisms, clinical protocols, and methodological integration, we argue that TMS represents a paradigm shift towards personalized, circuit-based remediation in PD, offering a promising adjunct to standard therapies for treatment-resistant symptoms.