Materials for Thin-Film Photovoltaics

The advancement of sustainable energy systems requires the development of high-performance photovoltaic materials that meet the demands of efficiency and scalability. Thin-film photovoltaic technologies have emerged as a promising solution. This chapter provides a review of second generation thin-film PV technologies, including amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium selenide (CIS) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), as well as emerging technologies including perovskites, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and organic solar cells (OSCs). The chapter addresses material properties, device architectures, deposition processes, and the current performance trends. It also discusses challenges such as material scarcity, toxicity, and long-term stability. Case studies are provided on building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for practical applications and performance outcomes. The chapter offers technical insights for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals engaged in developing or implementing thin-film photovoltaic technologies.