Developing the Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

The initial phase for conducting SR/MA involves systematically searching multiple databases and locating all potentially relevant studies that could contribute to evaluating the review question. The reviewers establish parameters to skillfully control the search process and to specify which studies fit the systematic review's scope and which do not. These parameters are broadly known as “the eligibility criteria.” Eligibility criteria can be further divided into inclusion criteria (to rule in studies) and exclusion criteria (to rule out studies). This fundamental step secures a high-quality research study, serving as the guiding principle for investigators to rely on and address their research questions effectively. This chapter reveals the role of inclusion and exclusion criteria in an SR/MA study. Besides discussing techniques for developing a good set of criteria, we will explore the common pitfalls to avoid, ensuring that the choices made during the design phase resonate with the broader context of research credibility.