Multimodal Mobile Interfaces for Cultural Heritage With Balanced Immersion and Accessibility

This study examines how mobile-enabled interactive systems can support the living inheritance of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). It proposes the DMLH framework—a user-centered model integrating media, cultural knowledge, and real-time interaction feedback—to design immersive heritage experiences. Through field tests in lacquer art and bamboo weaving exhibitions, they evaluated user engagement across age groups using multimodal interaction (gesture, audio, gaze). Results show high immersion and knowledge retention among young and adult users, while older adults faced challenges with gesture-based navigation, indicating a need for simplified interfaces. The system's adaptive feedback loop supports personalized content delivery, enhancing emotional engagement and long-term participation. Findings offer practical insights for designing inclusive, context-aware mobile applications in cultural heritage contexts.