Research on Legal Issues of Personal Information Protection in the Context of Big Data

In the big data era, the rapid development of information technology makes data a key factor of production, but the protection of personal information is facing severe challenges. Although China has issued relevant laws and regulations, regulatory loopholes still exist. This study adopts empirical methods, including constructing a data sensitivity index, analyzing the relationship between punishment and recidivism rates, and evaluating the cost-benefit ratio of technical protection measures. It is found that the sensitivity of industry-specific data is related to the risk of data leakage, and the deterrent effect of current punishment measures is gradually weakening, so technical protection needs to adopt a balanced implementation strategy. Therefore, this paper suggests innovating the supervision mechanism and building an accurate, differentiated, and economically feasible protection system to balance the needs of data security and digital economy development.