Toward Net-Zero Cities: Evaluating Architectural Spatial Logic through Pedestrian Trajectories and Therapeutic Walking Environments

In light of global climate change mitigation goals and the transition toward net-zero carbon cities, this study investigates the relationship between urban spatial configurations and pedestrian behavior, with a particular emphasis on designing therapeutic and walkable environments. By employing Space Syntax analysis and pedestrian trajectory simulations within a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) framework, this study identifies key spatial features influencing pedestrian hotspots. Notably, Unit 12 demonstrated the highest level of spatial integration (R 3 = 4.951), despite the absence of sidewalks and the presence of fragmented arcade spaces interspersed with retail activity. This spatial condition reflects a strong correlation between integration values and pedestrian movement potential, even in environments lacking conventional walkability infrastructure. The findings highlight spatial variability across TOD zones and underscore the importance of area-based analysis over traditional station-centered approaches. Ultimately, the study advocates for urban design strategies that prioritize spatial continuity and psychological well-being, thereby contributing to sustainable, low-carbon urban lifestyles. These insights provide a foundation for inclusive and resilient spatial planning aligned with net-zero development goals.