Thermodynamic Behavior of Procion M Dyes under Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis Conditions

Procion M dyes are widely used reactive dyes for cellulose-based textiles due to their bright colors, fastness properties, and covalent bonding capabilities. This study examines the chemical structure of Procion M dyes, highlighting key components: the chromophore, reactive group, solubilizing group, and linking group. The hydrolysis and alcoholysis of these dyes were investigated using Procion Red M-X5B and Procion Blue M-XG under various temperatures (25°C, 35°C, 45°C). Experimental setups included UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy to monitor dye concentration and functional group changes, respectively. Data revealed temperature-dependent reaction rates, with higher temperatures accelerating both hydrolysis and alcoholysis. Thermodynamic analysis showed that both processes are exothermic and spontaneous, with enthalpy changes of -20 kJ/mol (hydrolysis) and -25 kJ/mol (alcoholysis), and Gibbs free energy changes confirming spontaneity. FTIR and HPLC analyses provided insights into molecular structural changes and product formation. These results underscore the efficiency and temperature sensitivity of Procion M dye reactions, offering valuable information for optimizing textile dyeing processes.