Influence of Rolling Strain Path on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy for Orthopedic Applications

This study investigates the influence of symmetric and asymmetric hot rolling on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of a homogenized Mg–1.5Zn–0.5Ca (ZC1) alloy. X-ray diffraction confirmed phase stability across all processing conditions, with α-Mg as the primary matrix and Mg 6 Zn 3 Ca 2 as the secondary phase. Scanning electron microscopy revealed progressive fragmentation and redistribution of intermetallic particles upon rolling, with asymmetric rolling introducing higher shear strain and promoting dynamic recrystallization. Mechanical testing showed that symmetric rolling delivered the most favorable strength–ductility combination (UTS: 230 MPa, Elongation: 37%), while asymmetric rolling exhibited the highest yield strength (121 MPa) and microhardness (59 HV). Despite the intensified strain effects in asymmetric rolling, symmetric rolling provided superior mechanical synergy due to more uniform grain refinement and stable phase distribution. The findings highlight symmetric rolling as a robust and scalable deformation route for enhancing mechanical performance in Mg-Zn-Ca alloy systems.