Optimization of Electrical Conductivity of Green Synthesized Metal Nanoparticle

This abstract focuses on the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), a significant class of nanoparticles with diverse applications. Green synthesis methods, such as plant extracts, microbial-mediated synthesis, and eco-friendly reducing agents, offer several advantages including low cost, scalability, and reduced environmental impact. Utilizing natural sources such as plant extracts rich in phytochemicals and microorganisms capable of reducing metal ions, CuNPs can be synthesized efficiently under mild conditions without the need for rigid chemicals. In recent years, the synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and diverse applications in various fields, including catalysis, electronics, medicine, and environmental remediation. Among the different methods available for nanoparticle synthesis, green synthesis has emerged as a promising approach due to its eco-friendly nature and potential for large-scale production without harmful by-products. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have gained particular interest owing to their exceptional properties and wide-ranging applications. This work explores the green synthesis of copper nanoparticles, focusing on the principles, methods, characterization techniques, and applications of these environmentally nanomaterials.