Enhancing the Wear Resistance and Mechanical Performance of AISI 1010 Steel for Engineering Tools with Organic Carbon Carburization

The demand for environmentally sustainable methods to enhance the performance of low-carbon steel (LCS) has led to increased interest in organic waste-derived carburizing agents. This study explores the potential of using a blend of Shea Nut Shell (SNS) and Eggshell (ES) ash, mixed in a 1:3 ratio, as an eco-friendly carburizing medium for improving the mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties of LCS. Carburization was carried out at 900°C for 30 minutes, and the effects were assessed through comprehensive characterization. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, and impact energy were evaluated alongside microstructural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and wear rate testing. Corrosion resistance was investigated in H₂SO₄ and NaCl environments over a 21-day period. Results show that carburized LCS achieved significantly higher hardness (514.55 HB) compared to the uncarburized counterpart (399.05 HB), with improved toughness as indicated by increased impact energy absorption. However, un-carburized LCS maintained higher tensile strength. Microstructural examination revealed enhanced carbon diffusion and pearlite formation, contributing to reduced wear in carburized samples. EDS confirmed increased surface carbon content, while corrosion behavior varied: carburized LCS performed better in saline (NaCl) conditions, whereas uncarburized LCS offered better resistance in acidic (H₂SO₄) environments. In conclusion, the SNS-ES ash mixture presents a promising route for sustainable carburization of LCS, particularly for components exposed to saline environments such as agricultural tools and automotive parts. Future work will focus on optimizing treatment durations, expanding corrosion testing in simulated service environments, and scaling the process for industrial applications.